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# 飞轮储能在华中区域火电调频中的应用分析 |《储能科学与技术》论文

## 张兴,1, 阮鹏1, 张柳丽1, 李娟1, 田刚领1, 胡东旭2, 祝保红3

1.平高集团有限公司，河南 平顶山 467001

2.中国科学院工程热物理研究所，北京 100190

3.北京泓慧国际能源技术发展有限公司，北京 101300

## Application analysis of flywheel energy storage in thermal power frequency modulation in central China

ZHANG Xing,1, RUAN Peng1, ZHANG Liuli1, LI Juan1, TIAN Gangling1, HU Dongxu2, ZHU Baohong3

1.PINGGAO GROUP Co. Ltd. , Pingdingshan 467001, Henan, China

2.Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China

3.Beijing Honghui International Energy Technology Development Co. Ltd. , Beijing 101300, China

Abstract

Because of its long operational life, high safety features, high power ratio, fast power response speed, and high control accuracy, flywheel energy storage is receiving ever more attention in the field of fire storage with combined frequency modulation. This paper analyzed the compensation policy of a thermal power plant frequency regulation in Central China. It obtained several key performance indexes of the flywheel energy storage that participated in fire storage with combined frequency modulation and conducted a performance test on a set of 500 kW/100 kW·h flywheel energy storage systems. According to the test results, the AGC command daily typical 300 MW thermal power unit data are combined, a set of control strategies that combined the frequency modulation of flywheel energy storage systems and thermal power units were designed. The compensation income of the frequency modulation was simulated and calculated. Compared with the compensation income obtained by a thermal power unit participating in FM only, the additional benefits obtained after increasing the flywheel energy storage system were analyzed. The conclusion was that flywheel energy storage reflected a good life-cycle economy in applying fire storage with combined frequency regulation.

Keywords： flywheel energy storage system ; fire storage combined frequency modulation ; economic income

ZHANG Xing. Application analysis of flywheel energy storage in thermal power frequency modulation in central China[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1694-1700

## 1 火电机组调频补偿政策解析

#### 1.1　调频性能考核方法

《华中区域发电厂并网运行管理实施细则》文件第十八条规定了调频性能的考核方法。

#### （1）　响应速度性能指标$k1$[13]

$k1=∆P×T0×Pz-Pabs∆Pz×∆T×absPz-P$
(1)

$T0=T1+abs∆Pz×60V0$
(2)

$T1$为调节补偿时间，火电：亚临界机组取0～30 s、超(超超)临界机组取0～20 s；$V0$为机组升降速率(对应表1数据要求，管理系统对电厂机组类型进行分类设置，单位为MW/min)。

Table 1   AGC performance requirements for thermal power units/power plants

100(含)～300 MW66%100%1.5%PN/min
300(含)～600 MW50%100%1.5%PN/min(直吹式制粉系统机组为1.2%PN/min)
600 MW及以上50%100%1.5%PN/min(直吹式制粉系统机组为1.2%PN/min)

#### （2）　精度性能指标$k2$[13]

$k2=0.01/e;e>0.011;e≤0.01$
(3)

$e=∑i=1NabsPz-Pi/PnN$（1≤N≤3）［13］
(4)

#### （4）　综合性能指标[13]

$k=β×k1×k2$
(5)

#### （5)　日均综合性能指标[13]

$kd=∑i=1NkiN$
(6)

AGC考核计算数据以调度端数据为准，机组或电厂有功出力采样周期不小于5 s。若有效调节过程中机组或电厂AGC退出，仍然算有效调节过程进行考核计算。

### 1.2　调频服务补偿方法

《华中区域并网发电厂辅助服务管理实施细则》文件第十四条规定了调频服务的补偿方法。

$AGC补偿费用元=abs(∆P)×k×6元/MW(k>0.9或<0)0(0
(7)

## 2 飞轮性能测试平台

### 图1

Fig. 1   Mechanical diagram of flywheel

Table 2   The specification parameters of FW2550 energy storage flywheel

1额定充放电功率/kW250
2储电量/(kW·h)50
3轮体自损耗/kW<5

### 图2

Fig. 2   Test schematic diagram of flywheel energy storage unit system

## 3 飞轮储能单元系统运行性能测试

Table 3   Test result

1功率响应时间85.22 ms
2功率控制精度≤0.69%
3充放电效率83.23%

## 4 飞轮储能系统的火储联合调频应用模式

### 图3

Fig. 3   Electrical schematic diagram of flywheel-thermal power unit joint frequency modulation system

### 图4

Fig. 4   Control schematic diagram of flywheel-energy storage power joint frequency modulation system

## 5 技术经济性预测

Table 4   Initial parameters of 9 MW/1.8 MW·h flywheel energy storage system

### 图5

Fig. 5   Typical daily AGC curve of 300 MW of thermal power unit

### 图6

Fig. 6   Control logic of thermal power storage combined frequency regulation

### 图7

Fig. 7   Frequency modulation control logic of thermal power units independently

Table 5   Income results of thermal power storage combined frequency modulation mode and the independent frequency modulation mode of thermal power units

$r=r1-r2-c=29054.94元$
(8)

$IN1=D×r-C≈821.65万元$
(9)

$R1$为一年增加的收益；$D$代表每年运行天数；$C$代表年维护成本支出。

$IN20=Y×IN1=16433万元$
(10)

$IN20$为20年增加的收益；$Y$为运行年数。

9 MW飞轮储能系统造价单价为4元/W，那么系统总投资为3600万元，20年后飞轮储能系统的残值假设折旧为0元，那么全生命周期投入产出比为

$R=IN20/K=4.56$
(11)

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